Mitral Annulus Disjunction: Diagnostic Modalities, Clinical Implications, and Prognostic Progression

Mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) is an abnormal insertion of the flexion line mitral into atrial wall. The presents a separation (disjunction) between posterior leaflet–atrial wall junction and left ventricular myocardial crest.1 MAD was first described more than 30 years ago in autopsy study reportedly related to valve prolapse (MVP) 92% cases.2 Since then, several studies have been conducted, reports on prevalence patients with MVP varied. Ultimately, it may or not be associated regurgitation. Transthoracic echocardiography part initial assessment, allowing its diagnosis assessment complications. As new diagnostic methods emerged, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging transesophageal improved this pathology terms diagnosis, extension, location. However, phenotypic characteristics that are closely remain uncertain mainly due limited number classic subject. Patients develop symptoms arrhythmias, configuring arrhythmic syndrome, which progress sudden death. literature conflicting prognostic data among subject from clear criteria best method used treatment prognosis. This review describes (or not) improve management important pathology.